Development of an Engine Power Binning Method for Characterizing PM2.5 and NOx Emissions for Off-Road Construction Equipment with DPF and SCR

Aftertreatment technologies in Tier 4 off-road engines have resulted significant emission reductions compared to older tier without aftertreatments. The appropriate characterization of engine emissions consideration aftertreatment operation is important for projecting and developing mitigation strategies. current method aggregating over an entire duty cycle averaging them by load has a limitation profiles various cycles engines, especially at low-load operations, where control NOx may not be effective. In this study, power binning was developed characterize construction equipment with systems, low-power operating conditions. This applied real-time activity data four different types equipment. Results show that operations (<20% power) are responsible 38–60% 11–51% PM2.5 depending on the types. These results underscore need controlling during operations. EFs non-DPF backhoes were one two orders magnitude greater than all other due lack DPF, despite being certified same standard. shows benefits DPFs they substantial reducing emissions. Estimated differences between using methods 49–86% 16–82% PM2.5, respectively. change once larger datasets obtained from real-world vocational activities.